Real decisions need more than one condition. Are you 18 or older and do you have a ticket? Three logical operators combine Booleans:
AND: true only when both sides are true
OR: true when at least one side is true
NOT: flips a Boolean to its opposite
Logical operators
PYTHON
age >= 18 and has_ticket
age >= 18 or is_member
not is_banned
≈
JAVASCRIPT
age >= 18 && hasTicket
age >= 18 || isMember
!isBanned
Compare → Identical logic, different symbols. Python spells the words out: and, or, not, which reads almost like English. JavaScript uses symbols: && for and, || for or, ! for not. Once you know the pairing, you can read either instantly.
EXAMPLE
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YOUR TURN
Your turn → AND needs both; OR needs one; NOT flips. Add a has_id variable (hasId in JavaScript), then a line that prints True only when the person is 18 or older, has a ticket, and has ID.
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Syntax has to be exact. Every quote, bracket and parenthesis needs its partner, and in Python the spaces at the start of a line count. One slip and the program won't run; the message will say where.
✦ The truth tables, in one breath
AND: only true + true gives true. Everything else is false. OR: only false + false gives false. Everything else is true. NOT: swaps. That's all there is to memorize, the rest is practice.
EXAMPLE
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YOUR TURN
Your turn → Drop volunteer_hours to 30 and rerun. One false condition sinks the whole AND chain. That's the point of AND.
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Syntax has to be exact. Every quote, bracket and parenthesis needs its partner, and in Python the spaces at the start of a line count. One slip and the program won't run; the message will say where.
◈ Graded Challenge
A studio lets someone in when they are 16 or older AND not suspended. Using the given variables, create a variable named can_enter holding the result of that check.
Name it exactly: can_enter
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